Three steps of electrical troubleshooting
1. Observe and investigate the fault phenomenon
The phenomenon of electrical failure is varied. For example, the same type of fault may have different symptoms, and different types of faults may have the same symptoms. The identity and diversity of the symptoms complicate fault locating. However, the fault phenomenon is the basic basis of maintenance of electrical fault, is the starting point of electrical fault maintenance, so to carefully observe and analyze the fault phenomenon, find out the most important and typical aspects of the fault phenomenon, make clear the time, place, environment, etc.;
2, preliminary determination of the fault range, reduce the fault location
According to the fault phenomenon analysis fault cause is the key of electrical fault repair. The basis of the analysis is the basic theory of electrical and electronic, which is a full understanding of the structure, principle and performance of electrical equipment, and the combination of the basic theory of electrical and electronic and fault practice. There may be many reasons for an electrical fault. It is important to find out the most important one among them.
3. Determine the location of the fault
The determination of fault location is the final date and result of electrical fault thrift repair. To determine the fault location can be understood as to determine the fault point of the equipment, such as short circuit point, damaged components, etc., can also be understood as to determine the variation of some operating parameters, such as voltage fluctuation, three-phase uneven Yang, etc. Fault location is determined on the basis of careful investigation and analysis of fault phenomena.
Eight skills of electrical fault repair
1, familiar with the circuit principle, determine the maintenance plan
When the electrical system of an equipment fails, do not rush to disassemble it. First of all, we must understand the phenomenon, process, scope and cause of the failure of the power equipment. Familiar with the basic working principle of the equipment and electrical system, analyze each specific circuit. Make clear the connection between all levels of the circuit and signal in the circuit of the ins and outs, combined with practical experience, after careful thinking, determine a scientific overhaul program.
For example, to find the cable fault point in the debugging of the cable fault locator for a certain unit, it is necessary to fully communicate with the cable management technical personnel first, obtain relevant information efficiently, and formulate maintenance plans. First, determine the cable fault type according to the measured insulation resistance, and then determine what kind of test method to use. Only in this way can we achieve "twice the result with half the effort", otherwise it is often "twice the effort with half the effort".
2, the first loss, after the circuit
Power equipment is based on the principle of electrical machinery, especially the advanced equipment of mechanical and electrical integration, mechanical and electronic organic coordination in function, is two parts of a whole. Often mechanical components fail, affecting electrical systems, and many electrical components fail to function. Therefore, do not be confused by the surface phenomenon, the failure of the electrical system is not all the electrical itself, may be caused by the failure of mechanical parts. Therefore, the first maintenance of mechanical system produced by the fault, and then eliminate the electrical part of the fault, often receive twice the result with half the effort.
Simple first, complex later
Troubleshooting should first use the simplest and most adept method to deal with, and then use complex and accurate methods. When troubleshooting, first troubleshoot intuitive, obvious, and common faults. After troubleshooting the difficulty is high, has not dealt with the difficult fault.
4, maintenance of common diseases, after the attack of difficult diseases
Power equipment often prone to the same type of failure is the "common disease". As the common disease is more common, accumulated experience is richer, so it can be quickly eliminated. In this way, we can concentrate our energy and time to eliminate rare, difficult and odd difficult diseases, simplify steps, narrow the scope and improve the speed of maintenance.
5, first external debugging, after internal processing
External refers to the switches, buttons, sockets and indicators exposed outside the complete seals of electrical equipment. Internal means printed circuit boards, components and various connecting wires inside the housing or seals of electrical equipment. External debugging first, then internal processing, is in the case of electrical equipment without disassembly, the use of switches, travel buttons, buttons on the panel of electrical equipment debugging inspection, reduce the scope of failure. First eliminate the external components caused by the fault, and then repair the machine fault, as far as possible to avoid unnecessary disassembly.
6, first do not power measurement, after power test
First of all, in the case of no power, the maintenance of power equipment: to determine the power, and then in the case of power, and then the maintenance of power equipment confirmation. For many faulty electrical equipment maintenance, can not be immediately energized, otherwise it will artificially expand the scope of failure, burn more components, resulting in undue loss. Therefore, before the faulty machine is powered on. Resistance measurement should be carried out first, and necessary measures should be taken before power maintenance.
7, first public circuit, after the special circuit
Any electric system public circuit failure, its energy, information can not be transmitted, distributed to the specific special circuit, the special circuit function will be affected, the performance will not work. If the power supply of an electrical equipment fails, the whole system cannot run normally, and the energy and information transmitted to various special circuits cannot be realized. So follow the order of public circuit first, then special circuit, can quickly and accurately eliminate the fault of electrical equipment.
Sum up experience and improve efficiency
The failure of power equipment is varied and strange. Any one of the failure of the power equipment maintenance, should be the fault phenomenon, reasons, maintenance, skills, experience recorded in the special notebook, learn to master the mechanical and electrical theory of various new power equipment, familiar with its working principle, accumulation of maintenance experience, will be their own experience into the theory. Under the guidance of theory, specific fault specific analysis, can accurately and quickly eliminate the fault. Only in this way can you train yourself to be an expert in troubleshooting power faults.
Newton once said, "If I have seen further than others, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." Mastering the knowledge and experience of our predecessors can help us acquire knowledge more quickly and summarize our own experience in future work.
