Along with our country the construction of a new type of power system, traditional power system material base, technology base will be systemic changes occur, such as electric power industry development in key transitional period, guarantee stable power supply, various challenges facing both, also have important opportunities, development and prosperity of industry transformation needs to explore the feasible path and major problem solution, It provides reference for medium and long term development of electric power industry.
Structural changes: new power systems are being built
To achieve carbon peak carbon neutrality, energy is the main battlefield, electricity is the main force. China has issued "the central committee of the communist party of China, the State Council about the complete and accurate to fully implement the new concept of development to do a good job of carbon of peak carbon neutral opinion" action plan for peak carbon up to 2030 years ago, to the transformation of energy power of low carbon has carried on the special deployment, to promote low-carbon energy transform a smooth transition, safe and orderly, gradual advance carbon peak action, to ensure safety of carbon reduction. The construction of new power system is an important starting point to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and is also a great opportunity for the power industry to move towards high-quality development. Based on the national conditions of China's current energy structure dominated by coal, we should coordinate the development of all kinds of energy to achieve the safe carbon reduction of the power system.
1. Opportunities and challenges
New energy generation is characterized by randomness, volatility and intermittency, which makes it difficult to guarantee power supply in the short term. In the construction process of the new power system, the grid-connected proportion of new energy generation will be further increased, and the power structure of China will gradually transition from controllable continuous output coal generating units to new energy generation with strong uncertainty and weak controllable output. However, because the output of new energy is related to meteorological conditions, the matching degree of low output and load characteristics of new energy is poor, and its contribution to power security is low. Especially under extreme weather conditions, the contradiction between power supply and demand will further intensify and the risk of shortage will become more prominent.
The safe and stable operation of power system is facing unprecedented challenges. With the large-scale development of new energy and the high proportion of grid connection, the rotational inertia of new power system will continue to decrease, the physical basis for maintaining the safety and stability of power grid will be constantly weakened, and the traditional stability issues such as power Angle, frequency and voltage will also face challenges. At the same time, the flexible adjustment ability of China's power system is low, and the power system supporting a high proportion of new energy grid-connected has security challenges.
The whole society as a whole power supply cost is facing rising pressure. In order to adapt to the situation of "double high" and "double peak" new energy grid connection and consumption, the investment in flexible power supply, system adjustment and operation cost, investment in expansion and reinforcement of large power grid, investment in connection and distribution network will continue to increase. In the future, it is difficult to fully offset the cost of new energy generation. In addition, China's new energy resources and energy demand reverse distribution, still need large-scale long-distance transmission of electricity, the cost will be further pushed up.
The construction of new electric power system creates important opportunities for electric power enterprises to occupy the commanding heights of science and technology, and will promote China's electric power enterprises to speed up the building of world-class enterprises with global competitiveness. At present, China has formed a relatively complete industrial system of renewable energy technology, and has made breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation related to the new energy industry. The innovation capacity of the wind power manufacturing industry is constantly improving, and the photovoltaic industry has become an internationally competitive industry, gradually shifting from following to parallel and leading. Science and technology innovation is the significant support of new type power system building, this will be reversed transmission energy and electric power enterprises continue to strengthen basic research, technology research and science and technology demonstration, to speed up the preemption global energy power the commanding heights of science and technology, set for the global "Chinese technology + standard + China equipment + China construction" create important opportunities.
(2) Countermeasures
Follow the technical characteristics and objective laws of the power system, and take the development path of energy transformation with Chinese characteristics. Building a new type of power system is a long-term and complex systematic project, which should be based on China's national conditions and reality, and fully consider the characteristics of the power industry such as large investment scale, high technology intensity, strong path dependence, etc., make good use of the value of stock assets, excavate mature technology, and achieve a smooth transition step by step. In the long term, with the accelerated breakthrough and mature application of new energy, energy storage, carbon capture, utilization and storage, hydrogen energy and other cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, the construction of a new form of power system will be gradually completed.
We will step up innovation in key technologies throughout the industrial chain to resolve the difficulties between power supply protection and energy transformation. Build a new type of power system, to promote transformation and upgrading of the electric power industry is a complicated systematic project, needs the government departments, industry enterprises, institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutions, such as participation by all circles of the society, to promote research and development pattern from predominantly self-directed development to shift "industry-university-institute with politics" depth fusion, promote innovation chain store all the longitudinal extension to the source network.
Second, the change of mechanism: accelerate the construction of the national unified electricity market
On November 24, 2021, the central comprehensively deepen reform committee deliberated and adopted at the 22nd conference of "about to speed up the construction of the guidance of" unified national electric power market system, stressed that to follow the rules of electricity market operation and rules of market economy, optimize the overall design of electric power market share resources in the wider power each other aid and optimize configuration, We will accelerate the formation of a unified and open power market system with orderly competition, safety, efficiency and sound governance. This points out the direction for accelerating the innovation and development of China's electric power industry.
1. Opportunities and challenges
The rapid expansion of market transactions promotes the improvement of industry operation efficiency. In October 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on Further Deepening the Market-oriented Reform of the On-grid Price of Coal-fired Power Generation, releasing the on-grid price of all coal-fired power generation in an orderly manner, and promoting all industrial and commercial users to enter the market. Industrial and commercial users market electricity from the original about 40%, quickly close to 100%. Combined with the reform policy of delegating power, delegating power, delegating power, improving regulation, and improving services, market access will be further relaxed, items subject to government review and approval will be significantly reduced, and market entry will be further accelerated.
Coal and electricity prices have been linked in a market-based way, effectively enhancing the sustainable development capacity of market entities. The linkage mechanism for the marketization and standardization of coal and electricity prices will effectively guide users to accept the normal fluctuation of market prices and ensure the sustainable operation of market subjects by relaxing the upper limit of electricity prices and straightening out the transmission mechanism of electricity prices. In the future, with the establishment of the all-form electric power market system and cost guidance mechanism, the cost of electric power, regulation cost and capacity cost can be effectively recovered through the market, and the green value benefit can also be realized through the market, and the sustainable development ability of market subjects will be further strengthened.
Power market construction needs to be based on the national conditions, facing the challenges of multiple objectives such as overall planning and optimal allocation, guarantee of supply and support of transformation. The inverse distribution of energy supply and demand in China and the regional imbalance of new energy development determine that we must guide the electric power resources to achieve mutual sharing and optimal allocation in a larger range. However, the economic and social development pattern and power supply pattern with the province as the entity determine the "two-level operation" of inter-provincial and intra-provincial markets in China's electricity market system. In addition, China insists on giving priority to power consumption for people's livelihood, and power supply for residents and agriculture is guaranteed by power grid enterprises. The dual-track system of coexistence of planning and market will exist for a period of time. Under the "dual carbon" goal, the transition to clean and low-carbon energy is an arduous task, and the construction of a unified national electricity market is a great responsibility. It is necessary to explore an electricity market system with Chinese characteristics.
(2) Countermeasures
Speed up the construction of an electricity market system conducive to the leapfrog development of new energy, and give play to the role of the electricity market in the transformation of energy structure. Give full consideration to new energy power generation low marginal costs and high cost of the system given economic properties, as well as the physical properties of volatility and randomness, further enhance the flexibility of the medium and long term trading and fine degree, encourage new energy quantity quotation to participate in the spot market, and implement the responsibilities for renewable energy given weight, by way of market mechanism to undertake the original plan, Build a market mechanism system that reflects the green value of renewable energy, and promote the participation of new energy in the electricity market in "small steps and fast steps".
Improve the market mechanism to ensure reliable supply of electricity, ensure the adequacy of power supply and demand capacity and regulation capacity, and guide rational investment in power generation. Capacity market is gradually established on the generating side to reasonably reflect the capacity value of generating units providing safety support for the system. At the same time, it has established a diversified market system for auxiliary services, innovatively designed new auxiliary service varieties such as moment of inertia and fast hill climbing according to the characteristics of new energy, and promoted the cost of auxiliary services to the user side. Explore the mechanism of demand-side participation in market transactions, fully mobilize the adjustment potential of demand-side resources through bilateral transactions, and promote the "peak shifting and valley filling" of demand-side by market competition.
We will strengthen synergy between the electricity market, primary energy market and carbon market. Electricity market reflects energy cost, which is an important link between upstream and downstream energy system. The power market needs to be effectively connected with the primary energy market, and coordinate well in price mechanism, contract performance and other aspects. In addition, the electricity market and the carbon market are both independent and related to each other. With thermal power as the common market subject, the two markets are connected through prices to jointly promote the development of renewable energy. The two markets need to strengthen coordination in market space, price mechanism, green certification and other aspects.
Third， changes in the ecosphere: New subjects continue to emerge
With the deepening of the integration of energy revolution and digital revolution, new technologies such as "big cloud material transfer intelligent chain" have been widely applied in the energy and power system, making two-way interaction between source network, charge and storage and intelligent control on the demand side possible, laying the technological foundation for the development of emerging industries in the power industry. At the same time, the people's demand for a better life is increasingly broad, the concept of green and low-carbon life is popular, and the demand for electricity is increasingly diversified, personalized and interactive, giving rise to a large number of new growth points in the industry. In addition, with the acceleration of the market-oriented reform of electric power, social capital has been distributed across the strategic emerging industries of the electric power industry. New businesses, new formats and new models, such as electric vehicles, integrated energy and energy storage, are booming, and the industrial ecology is increasingly prosperous.
1. Opportunities and challenges
Demand-side resources play an increasingly prominent role in the balance of electricity and quantity, and the market development space is constantly expanding. Traditional power system is mainly to provide flexibility output power generation side way to achieve the equilibrium of supply and demand of real time, but the high proportion of clean energy access to greatly enhance the power system, the demand for flexible resources, must fully tap demand side resources, can be adjusted by improving the demand side to adjust capacity and load characteristic, enhance the system real-time supply and demand balance. China's industrial large users, air conditioning, electric heating, electric vehicles and other load demand side response market has great potential, integrated energy, energy storage, virtual power plant and other emerging businesses have great potential.
The user types and consumption patterns have undergone profound changes, and electric power enterprises are facing higher requirements for innovating service varieties and improving service quality. In terms of user types, renewable energy development has shifted from centralized to centralized and distributed, energy storage, electric vehicles and other new facilities have been widely used, and users have shifted from one-way service to integration of production and consumption. In terms of consumption patterns, China has entered a new stage of development. People's yearning for a better life has changed from "whether it is good or not" to "whether it is good or not", and users' demands have also changed from "access to electricity" to "good use of energy", paying more attention to the cleanliness, economy, convenience, interactivity and high quality of energy use.
The government has increased support and taken frequent measures, ushering in new development policy opportunities for strategic emerging industries in the power industry. Strategic emerging industries represent the direction of a new round of industrial transformation and are of great significance to breaking through bottlenecks in economic development and gaining new advantages in long-term international competition. The strategic emerging industry of electric power industry plays an important role in constructing new power system and realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Guided by the principle of "inclusiveness and prudence", the government encourages innovation in various business models and formats. For example, last year, the national and local levels issued supporting policies to vigorously promote the construction of projects on the power supply side, the power grid side and the user side to encourage the diversified development of energy storage.
(2) Countermeasures
Leading enterprises in the industry play a leading role and take the lead in making breakthroughs in the development of emerging industries. From the perspective of product life cycle, the mainstream strategic emerging industries in the power industry are all in the initial stage, with broad market prospects, but the business model and profit mechanism are not clear. Leading enterprises should open up new prospects in technological innovation and business model innovation as soon as possible, and provide project solutions for reference for small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, it is necessary to play a leading role in promoting the coordinated development of upstream and downstream equipment manufacturers, scientific research institutes and financial service companies in an open and collaborative way, to promote the overall high-quality development of the industry, jointly shape the value chain of modern and advanced emerging industries in the power industry, and form an ecosystem of joint construction, joint governance and shared benefits.
We will strengthen guidance and standardize the order of competition to avoid emerging industries falling into the logic of capital-driven development. The development of emerging industries has generally experienced a period of capital chasing. Online car booking, community group buying, bike-sharing and other Internet emerging businesses have achieved extensive scale expansion through subsidies and other means in the early stage to gain a dominant market position. The development of emerging industries in the electric power industry is of great significance to the power supply protection. Leaving capital alone may lead to disorderly competition and adversely affect people's production and life. We should carry out forward-looking institutional innovation, improve relevant institutional systems, increase punishment for unfair competition, and guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries.
Fourth, governance changes: first, secondary energy policies tend to be coordinated
With carbon peak carbon neutral, the deployment of the implementation of the construction of new power system synchronization was accelerated, the power industry structure, mechanism, ecosystem occur profound changes, to accelerate the modern energy management system and management ability, comprehensive ShiCe primary and secondary energy, more measures simultaneously, in promoting on the basis of an orderly clean use of energy security, Transition smoothly and gradually to the stage of stock replacement, take the road of ensuring supply and promoting transformation in accordance with China's national conditions.
1. Trends
Energy security and supply requirements will promote the coordination of primary and secondary energy policies. Balancing supply and transformation requires the coordination of energy policies and even ecological security policies. Especially with the gradual construction of the new power system, coal power will gradually change from the main power supply to regulation support provider, provide peak power and capacity support for the system, and play the role of inertia, emergency backup, regulation and backup cost will gradually become the main cost. In the long run, the average cost of coal power per kilowatt hour will be on the rise, and the operating pressure of coal power enterprises and the risk of power shortage will remain forever. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the supply guarantee and transformation of all kinds of energy.
Electricity regulation tends to be more strict, and supervision in key areas will always be "in place", and "violations will be punished" will be practiced. Since the fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the Party and the state have continuously promoted the modernization of governance system and governance capacity, and the promulgation and revision of relevant laws and regulations in the electric power industry have been accelerating, making the system more sound. With the promotion of carbon peak carbon neutrality, electric power has accelerated its penetration into transportation, environmental protection, international trade, consumption and other fields, which has significantly increased the importance of national energy security and the "externality" of the national economy. The electric power industry has attracted more attention from the government and the public. Electric power enterprises will face a stricter regulatory environment, and the standard operation and openness and transparency level need to be constantly improved.
Digital technology has become an important tool to solve the expansion of regulatory demand and the lack of regulatory power, which will greatly improve the efficiency of regulation. The number of market players in the electric power industry is growing rapidly and its activity is constantly improving. The huge amount of big data from a wide range of sources brings new opportunities for electric power regulation. By using big data, cloud computing and other modern information technologies, regulators can fully and timely obtain and use information to better understand the operation of market entities. Electricity regulation in the future will be based on the whole scene, the whole field, the whole business on the basis of the data acquisition and data analysis, the integrated use of advanced information technology such as large data, artificial intelligence, from vast regulatory information through various channels to collect intelligence filter data, screening, screening the risk, is focused on the problem, realizing a complete coverage of off-site, low cost, the digital control.
(2) Suggestions
We will take a holistic approach to ensuring supply and promoting economic transformation, and establish an energy governance system that integrates all types of energy sources. In terms of primary energy, we will continue to strengthen price monitoring and macro-control of coal and other energy resources. We will further promote coal production and supply and ensure the sustainable operation of coal and power enterprises by establishing a bulk commodity reserve system, collecting coal price adjustment funds and implementing temporary price control of thermal coal. In terms of electricity, we will refine and implement pricing reform policies, properly resolve cross-subsidy, and further smooth the marketization path for the transmission of power costs to terminals. In addition, we will give full play to the complementary advantages of coal, gas, water, nuclear, wind, light and storage, and build a diversified power supply system to meet medium - and long-term electricity demand with cleaner and low-carbon features and ensure the stability of electricity supply.
Government and enterprises jointly explore the value of electric power big data, and release the "multiplier effect" of electric power data service industry supervision, social governance and economic and social development of governments at all levels. On the one hand, we need to break down data barriers between government and enterprise platforms, promote more in-depth information sharing between government and enterprise platforms, and realize information interconnection and business collaboration. On the other hand, as the development and application of data elements are still new things, power data value mining should be based on the protection of national network security, business secrets, personal privacy, etc., to effectively prevent network risks.
Electric power enterprises should take the initiative to improve the compliance management system and rules and regulations and adapt to regulatory requirements. Electric power enterprises must fully realize the industry system has been fully accelerate the transition from plan mainly to the market to give priority to, marketization, lean, compliance to deep into the concept of enterprise strategy and business development, such as continuous dynamic optimization to adapt to the supervision policy of compliance management system and working mechanism, form a scientific and reasonable, clear responsibilities and compliance management operation mechanism of running smoothly. In addition, but also take the initiative to increase information disclosure, timely and accurate, should be covered, improve the transparency of the industry.
Five, the conclusion
Energy and electric power system is undergoing fundamental, systemic, revolutionary change, both guarantee the safe and stable power supply with low carbon energy system transformation, time and heavy task, need government, society and energy companies such as joint efforts in many ways, the source network charge to store each link together, jointly promote the high quality of the electric power industry development.
Wuhan Xinshengneng is a professional manufacturer of electric power testing equipment. We pay close attention to the development and trends of power grid related industries. For more information, visit our official website: www.whxsn.com
