I. General principles of accident handling
In the event of an accident occurring on equipment for which the operational duty officer is responsible or within his jurisdiction, the operational duty officer may eliminate the accident in the following order:
1, transformer accident, the operation personnel on duty should be carefully watching meter and the signal's instructions, in the main control room attendants, be sure to someone record the operations of the execution time (especially the successively in the order) and related to the accident phenomenon, and according to the instruction from the meter and the equipment protection device automatically external signs, to judge the overall situation of the accident.
2. In the event of an accident, the dispatcher should be notified immediately. The dispatcher is the commander dealing with the accident, and the operation and duty personnel of the substation should promptly and without dispute execute all the orders of the dispatcher. If the substation operation duty personnel think there is any mistake in the order of dispatching duty personnel, they should point out in time and give a simple explanation to the other party. When the dispatch watchman determines that his command is correct, the substation operation watchman shall execute it immediately. If the command of on-duty personnel directly threatens the personal safety or device safety, the command cannot be executed.
3, substation operation duty personnel in receiving the order to deal with the accident, must repeat to the issuer, if the order is not clear or do not understand it, should ask again. The operator on duty can only handle the incident if he receives the order from the leader or dispatch department he is familiar with. The leader of the issuing order or the dispatcher on duty should be familiar with the person receiving the order and should have the person receiving the order repeat his order. If the next order to deal with the incident is to be determined on the basis of the execution of the previous order, it shall wait for the personal return of the receiver and shall not be communicated by a third party, nor shall it be permitted to judge the execution of the order on the basis of the instructions given by the table.
4, when the accident occurs, the operation personnel on duty should quickly check and test, identify the nature of the fault, location and scope, for the faulty equipment, identify the fault part and the nature of the fault, necessary repair. If the operator on duty is unable to deal with the damaged equipment by his own strength, the operator on duty or the relevant leader should be notified immediately. Before the maintenance personnel arrive, the operation personnel on duty should prepare the work site well (such as cutting off power, installing grounding wires, hanging warning signs, etc.).
When dealing with the accident, we must be quick and correct, and should not be flustered. Hasty or without careful consideration of the handling, but often make the accident magnified. In some cases, emergency operations must be performed to prevent an escalation of the incident, which can be performed by the substation's operational duty officer before reporting to the dispatch duty officer. In any case, the following operations may be carried out by the duty officer of the substation without waiting for the order of the dispatcher:
1) Power outage of equipment that directly threatens people's lives; And make the rescue of electric shock personnel.
2) quickly limit the development of the accident, and the damaged transformer equipment will be stopped and isolated;
3) If the equipment in operation is threatened with damage, it shall be isolated according to the provisions of the on-site accident handling procedures;
4) When the bus voltage disappears, pull open the switch connected to the bus;
5) When the power supply of the station is completely cut off or part of the power is cut off, the power supply shall be restored;
6) In order to prevent the expansion of the accident, it is necessary to take the initiative to promptly and correctly report every stage of the accident handling to the dispatching department or the immediate superior. Otherwise, even if it is not a serious accident, it may cause chaos in the whole substation due to the lack of proper coordination.
Two, transformer circuit breaker trip after processing
After the trip of transformer circuit breaker, if there is a spare transformer, the personnel on duty under the command of the dispatcher should immediately put it in to restore power supply to the user, and then find out the cause of trip of the faulty transformer. If there is no spare transformer, only as soon as possible according to the sign off instructions, find out what kind of protection action. At the same time of finding out the cause of transformer trip, we should check whether there are obvious abnormal phenomena, such as external short circuit, line fault, overload, obvious fire, strange sound, oil injection, etc. If it is proved that the trip of the circuit breakers on both sides of the transformer is not caused by internal fault, but by overload, external short circuit, or misoperation of the secondary circuit of the protection device, the transformer can be put into operation without external inspection. If it is not certain that the transformer trip is due to the above external causes, the transformer must be inspected internally. Insulation resistance and DC resistance should be checked. When the transformer is judged to have no internal fault after inspection, it should be confirmed that the gas protection is put into the trip position, and the transformer should be re-closed once and acted prudently during the whole process. If the transformer is judged to have internal faults by checking the insulation resistance and DC resistance, it is necessary to conduct AC voltage withstand test and hanging core check on the transformer.
Three, transformer gas protection action after processing
If local heating occurs in transformer operation, in many cases, it does not show as electrical abnormality, but first shows the abnormality of oil and gas decomposition, that is, oil is decomposed into gas under the action of local high temperature, and gradually collects in the upper end of transformer top cover and gas relay. The difference between the rate of gas generation and the size of gas production is actually the difference between the size of overheating failure.
1. Treatment after light gas operation. After the signal is sent out by the light gas movement, the sound signal should be stopped first, and the amount of gas in the gas relay should be checked to determine the reason. The cause is not transformer fault. Such as: air intrusion transformer (oil filter); The oil level is reduced below the gas relay (float type gas relay) or the oil level is sharply reduced (baffle type gas relay); Fault of the secondary circuit of gas protection (such as water inlet in the junction box of gas relay, short circuit of terminal block or secondary cable, etc.). If the action is determined to be caused by external reasons, the transformer can continue to operate after the signal is restored. If it is not certain that the gas signal action is caused by external reasons, and no other abnormality is found, it is necessary to confirm that the gas protection trip circuit is in the input state, and at the same time, strengthen the monitoring of the transformer, and carefully observe its development and change.
2. Treatment after heavy gas protection action. If gas protection action trip occurs in the transformer in operation, or gas signal and gas trip work simultaneously, the possibility of internal fault of the transformer should be considered first. Great care should be taken in the handling of this transformer. The gas produced in the faulty transformer is due to the different parts of the transformer. It is very important to determine the nature of the gas in the gas relay, the amount and speed of gas accumulation. Different forms of overheating. Therefore, it is very important to judge the nature and severity of transformer fault. The gas is colorless, tasteless and non-flammable, then the reason for the gas action is caused by the air separated from the oil. At this time, it can be judged as the cause of non-transformer failure. The transformer can continue to operate, and the gas is flammable, so it is highly likely to be caused by the internal failure of the transformer. For this kind of transformer, it is not allowed to be put into operation before it is checked and tested. Transformer gas protection action is a precursor of internal accident, or itself is an internal accident. Therefore, the strong transmission of this kind of transformer, trial transmission, supervision of operation, should be particularly careful, the cause of the accident is not found before the strong transmission.
Four, transformer differential protection action after processing
The same thing with gas protection is that these two kinds of protection action are more sensitive, fast, are the main protection of transformer protection itself. The difference between the gas protection and the gas protection is that the gas protection mainly reflects the fault of oil and gas separation caused by the internal overheating of the transformer, while the differential protection reflects the internal electrical fault of the transformer within the scope of the differential protection. Differential protection action caused by circuit breaker trip, operators should take the following measures, first of all open the transformer side knife, the transformer body carefully check, such as oil temperature, oil color, explosion-proof glass, porcelain bushing, to determine whether there are obvious abnormalities. Second in transformer differential reserve range, all equipment at a time to check the transformer high voltage side and low voltage side circuit breaker between all of the inspection equipment, wire, bus bar, external infrared temperature measurement on transformer to determine transformer internal trouble-free, etc., in order to find the differential protection in the area to have without exception. The third transformer differential protection loop is checked to see whether there is a short circuit, breakdown and someone accidentally hit the situation. After checking the above steps, if it is really determined that the differential protection is due to external reasons, such as protection accidental collision and misoperation caused by traversal fault, the transformer can be put into trial operation in the trip-off position of heavy gas protection. If external causes cannot be determined, further measurement and analysis of the transformer should be carried out, such as measurement of DC resistance, simplified analysis of oil, or chromatographic analysis of oil, etc., to determine the nature of the fault and the cause of differential protection action. If the characteristics of internal failure are found, it is necessary to carry out core inspection, ac withstand voltage test for further inspection.
I. General principles of accident handling
In the event of an accident occurring on equipment for which the operational duty officer is responsible or within his jurisdiction, the operational duty officer may eliminate the accident in the following order:
1, transformer accident, the operation personnel on duty should be carefully watching meter and the signal's instructions, in the main control room attendants, be sure to someone record the operations of the execution time (especially the successively in the order) and related to the accident phenomenon, and according to the instruction from the meter and the equipment protection device automatically external signs, to judge the overall situation of the accident.
2. In the event of an accident, the dispatcher should be notified immediately. The dispatcher is the commander dealing with the accident, and the operation and duty personnel of the substation should promptly and without dispute execute all the orders of the dispatcher. If the substation operation duty personnel think there is any mistake in the order of dispatching duty personnel, they should point out in time and give a simple explanation to the other party. When the dispatch watchman determines that his command is correct, the substation operation watchman shall execute it immediately. If the command of on-duty personnel directly threatens the personal safety or device safety, the command cannot be executed.
3, substation operation duty personnel in receiving the order to deal with the accident, must repeat to the issuer, if the order is not clear or do not understand it, should ask again. The operator on duty can only handle the incident if he receives the order from the leader or dispatch department he is familiar with. The leader of the issuing order or the dispatcher on duty should be familiar with the person receiving the order and should have the person receiving the order repeat his order. If the next order to deal with the incident is to be determined on the basis of the execution of the previous order, it shall wait for the personal return of the receiver and shall not be communicated by a third party, nor shall it be permitted to judge the execution of the order on the basis of the instructions given by the table.
4, when the accident occurs, the operation personnel on duty should quickly check and test, identify the nature of the fault, location and scope, for the faulty equipment, identify the fault part and the nature of the fault, necessary repair. If the operator on duty is unable to deal with the damaged equipment by his own strength, the operator on duty or the relevant leader should be notified immediately. Before the maintenance personnel arrive, the operation personnel on duty should prepare the work site well (such as cutting off power, installing grounding wires, hanging warning signs, etc.).
When dealing with the accident, we must be quick and correct, and should not be flustered. Hasty or without careful consideration of the handling, but often make the accident magnified. In some cases, emergency operations must be performed to prevent an escalation of the incident, which can be performed by the substation's operational duty officer before reporting to the dispatch duty officer. In any case, the following operations may be carried out by the duty officer of the substation without waiting for the order of the dispatcher:
1) Power outage of equipment that directly threatens people's lives; And make the rescue of electric shock personnel.
2) quickly limit the development of the accident, and the damaged transformer equipment will be stopped and isolated;
3) If the equipment in operation is threatened with damage, it shall be isolated according to the provisions of the on-site accident handling procedures;
4) When the bus voltage disappears, pull open the switch connected to the bus;
5) When the power supply of the station is completely cut off or part of the power is cut off, the power supply shall be restored;
6) In order to prevent the expansion of the accident, it is necessary to take the initiative to promptly and correctly report every stage of the accident handling to the dispatching department or the immediate superior. Otherwise, even if it is not a serious accident, it may cause chaos in the whole substation due to the lack of proper coordination.
Two, transformer circuit breaker trip after processing
After the trip of transformer circuit breaker, if there is a spare transformer, the personnel on duty under the command of the dispatcher should immediately put it in to restore power supply to the user, and then find out the cause of trip of the faulty transformer. If there is no spare transformer, only as soon as possible according to the sign off instructions, find out what kind of protection action. At the same time of finding out the cause of transformer trip, we should check whether there are obvious abnormal phenomena, such as external short circuit, line fault, overload, obvious fire, strange sound, oil injection, etc. If it is proved that the trip of the circuit breakers on both sides of the transformer is not caused by internal fault, but by overload, external short circuit, or misoperation of the secondary circuit of the protection device, the transformer can be put into operation without external inspection. If it is not certain that the transformer trip is due to the above external causes, the transformer must be inspected internally. Insulation resistance and DC resistance should be checked. When the transformer is judged to have no internal fault after inspection, it should be confirmed that the gas protection is put into the trip position, and the transformer should be re-closed once and acted prudently during the whole process. If the transformer is judged to have internal faults by checking the insulation resistance and DC resistance, it is necessary to conduct AC voltage withstand test and hanging core check on the transformer.
Three, transformer gas protection action after processing
If local heating occurs in transformer operation, in many cases, it does not show as electrical abnormality, but first shows the abnormality of oil and gas decomposition, that is, oil is decomposed into gas under the action of local high temperature, and gradually collects in the upper end of transformer top cover and gas relay. The difference between the rate of gas generation and the size of gas production is actually the difference between the size of overheating failure.
1. Treatment after light gas operation. After the signal is sent out by the light gas movement, the sound signal should be stopped first, and the amount of gas in the gas relay should be checked to determine the reason. The cause is not transformer fault. Such as: air intrusion transformer (oil filter); The oil level is reduced below the gas relay (float type gas relay) or the oil level is sharply reduced (baffle type gas relay); Fault of the secondary circuit of gas protection (such as water inlet in the junction box of gas relay, short circuit of terminal block or secondary cable, etc.). If the action is determined to be caused by external reasons, the transformer can continue to operate after the signal is restored. If it is not certain that the gas signal action is caused by external reasons, and no other abnormality is found, it is necessary to confirm that the gas protection trip circuit is in the input state, and at the same time, strengthen the monitoring of the transformer, and carefully observe its development and change.
2. Treatment after heavy gas protection action. If gas protection action trip occurs in the transformer in operation, or gas signal and gas trip work simultaneously, the possibility of internal fault of the transformer should be considered first. Great care should be taken in the handling of this transformer. The gas produced in the faulty transformer is due to the different parts of the transformer. It is very important to determine the nature of the gas in the gas relay, the amount and speed of gas accumulation. Different forms of overheating. Therefore, it is very important to judge the nature and severity of transformer fault. The gas is colorless, tasteless and non-flammable, then the reason for the gas action is caused by the air separated from the oil. At this time, it can be judged as the cause of non-transformer failure. The transformer can continue to operate, and the gas is flammable, so it is highly likely to be caused by the internal failure of the transformer. For this kind of transformer, it is not allowed to be put into operation before it is checked and tested. Transformer gas protection action is a precursor of internal accident, or itself is an internal accident. Therefore, the strong transmission of this kind of transformer, trial transmission, supervision of operation, should be particularly careful, the cause of the accident is not found before the strong transmission.
Four, transformer differential protection action after processing
The same thing with gas protection is that these two kinds of protection action are more sensitive, fast, are the main protection of transformer protection itself. The difference between the gas protection and the gas protection is that the gas protection mainly reflects the fault of oil and gas separation caused by the internal overheating of the transformer, while the differential protection reflects the internal electrical fault of the transformer within the scope of the differential protection. Differential protection action caused by circuit breaker trip, operators should take the following measures, first of all open the transformer side knife, the transformer body carefully check, such as oil temperature, oil color, explosion-proof glass, porcelain bushing, to determine whether there are obvious abnormalities. Second in transformer differential reserve range, all equipment at a time to check the transformer high voltage side and low voltage side circuit breaker between all of the inspection equipment, wire, bus bar, external infrared temperature measurement on transformer to determine transformer internal trouble-free, etc., in order to find the differential protection in the area to have without exception. The third transformer differential protection loop is checked to see whether there is a short circuit, breakdown and someone accidentally hit the situation. After checking the above steps, if it is really determined that the differential protection is due to external reasons, such as protection accidental collision and misoperation caused by traversal fault, the transformer can be put into trial operation in the trip-off position of heavy gas protection. If external causes cannot be determined, further measurement and analysis of the transformer should be carried out, such as measurement of DC resistance, simplified analysis of oil, or chromatographic analysis of oil, etc., to determine the nature of the fault and the cause of differential protection action. If the characteristics of internal failure are found, it is necessary to carry out core inspection, ac withstand voltage test for further inspection.
